Introduction
Arrangement
The Pasgemanh words in this dictionary are arranged according to the English alphabetical order, with a few exceptions. dh, hw, and sh are treated as separate letters occuring after d, h, and s, respectively, so that, e.g., bâsnak comes before bàsh. Tone is ignored except where it is the sole differentiator in a set of words; then the order is: low (unmarked), high (ˆ), rising (´), falling (`). The words are shown in their underlying form, so many of them would not be pronounced or written as they appear here. See the Phonology section of the grammar for details.
Grammatical Specifications
Parts of speech are indicated (in parantheses) for each Pasgemanh word. The following abbreviations are used:
- adj adjective
- adv adverb
- conj conjunction
- int interjection
- na animate noun
- ni inanimate noun
- nm mixed noun
- nv variable noun
- -i makes use of the incorporative possessive structure
- v verb
- -# indicates verb class
- -irr irregular
a
âbal v-7. live
âbe int. hello, hi, welcome, greetings
abris ni. pattern
adhlôr ni. garden
adhlûm ni. plant
âgah v-7. hate
âgal v-7. be terrible, awful
agil na. that, those (distant, visible; only referring to animate nouns)
àm ni. river, stream, brook
amfa ni. rash
âmnuh ni., v-5. drink
àmomâ ni. flood
ámòwa na-i. mouth
àmp v-1. lie
àms ni. truth, fact; v-1. tell the truth
àmsàms adv. truly, truthfully, really
ánsh v-1. realize, notice
ànsh nv. whole, entire
ap na-i. face
arỳ na-i. stem
arỳ-nar adj. thin, slim, narrow
ás ni. that, those (not visible; only referring to inanimate nouns)
âsraw v-5. spit
áshbur v-6. be primal, early, ancient, original
âshír v-7. prefer
âtseps ni. building
âw int. oh, ah
awánts na. star
awes na. earthquake
b
bâdesh ni. 1. cliff; 2. prime, peak, heyday
bâgy na-i. chin
bâhàp v-7. 1. multiply, increase, add; 2. expound, elaborate
bâhósh v-7. hallucinate
bâkr-wal v-10. 1. be pure, unadulterated; 2. be unique
bal v-2. manipulate (mentally)
banèsh na-i. width, span
bânry na-i. shoulder
bar v-2. count
bàr1 ni. number
bàr2 v-2. yell, shout
báràg v-7. complain, protest
basîn ni. rule, law
bâsmos v-5. punish
bâsnak ni. flute
bàsh v-2. swing, rock, vacillate
bàshbàsh adv. back and forth, to and fro
bàshbàshal nm. fickleness
bedók ni. cloth
bel nm. step, stair, staircase
bêl ni. smoke
bér ni. oar, paddle
besraw v-5. 1. throw; 2. admit, confess
beshý ni. ground, floor
bêtsa ni. covering, lid
blih-gim adj. under
blob ni. territory, property
blúr v-6. 1. squeeze; 2. shrug
bok ni. vomit
bokraw v-5. vomit, throw up
bolal v-8. manipulate (physically)
brùl ni. juice, sap (edible)
brùlnuh v-5. juice, collect sap
bûbe nm. egg
bûdo na-i. neck, throat
bùr ni. milk
bûsùr ni. chaos, confusion
bûshà ni. time period
bŷdok ni. collar
bŷsrub v-6. 1. waste; 2. act foolishly
d
dâbash v-7. can, be able to (in terms of own ability, not permission), enable, succeed
dâh v-2. tie
dâhàn na. ocean, sea
dak v-irr. be, become, cause, make
dák v-3. 1. lean, tilt; 2. come to an end, go down (said of day, or sun in final hours of the day)
dákmos v-5. knock off balance
dàp v-2. 1. jump; 2. tumble
dar ni. mud
daresh v-7. buy
das (also daso) na-i. breast
dehòsh ni. orange
délnam v-10. depress, be depressed
dìm ni-i. room (in a building), chamber
dîme na-i. brother
dirib v-9. grow, enlarge, rise
dlagá na-i. (pl. dleg) 1. child, offspring; 2. effect, result, product
dlàm nm. disgrace, dishonor, shame
dláwgù na. generation
dledhy ni. tranquility, serenity, calm
dlep ni. knife
dlob ni. air
dlòp adv. soon
dlòw na. that, those (not visible; only referring to animate nouns)
dlup v-6. 1. rotate, turn, spin, roll; 2. squirm; 3. change, advance to next phase in cycle
dlur ni. 1. hook; 2. claw
dlùsh v-3. shoo, scurry away
do na-i. baby, infant
dobu ni. steam
dôhgar v-8. 1. be quiet, relaxed; 2. settle down
dòl ni. moon
dôlam v-8. crash
dòldòl adv. distantly, indirectly, without caring
dòm na. that, those (visible; only referring to animate nouns)
dômpur na-i. treetop
domshêp v-10. be big, large
dop ni. gift, present
dóp v-irr. get, receive (without much effort)
do̬p na. lower jaw
dor ni. blister
dôr ni. bridge
dòr ni. rice dumpling
dórfàmp v-10. 1. be wicked, evil; 2. be difficult; 3. be treacherous, dangerous
dos ni. basket
dòs ni. slope
dôs-nar adj. straight
drás adv. how?
drehwum v-irr. avenge, take revenge
drî nv. which?
dril na. other (instead of) (only referring to animate nouns)
drók ni. world, planet
drus v-6. press, push
drym na-i. wrist
drỳnts ni. gook that accumulates in corners of eye
dûlým ni. hill
dum ni. idea
dùmnár v-10. stick, attach
dùr ni. corner
dŷbú ni. dust, dirt
dh
dhâga adv. loudly, noisily
dhàhmos v-5. deface, vandalize
dhal na. small bird sp.
dhala ni. pomegranate [K. zola]
dhàm v-2. hug, embrace
dhap ni. paint
dhapès v-7. deliver, ship
dhar v-irr. swim
dhas v-2. lock, seal, bind
dhàs v-2. drag, scrape
dhasmos v-5. tie up (person or animal)
dhegàr v-7. protect, prevent
dheges v-7. 1. walk downhill, descend; 2. grieve, mourn
dhendor v-10. stretch
dheshly ni. sour orange [K. zeljjy]
dhidhidh v-9. buzz
dhishik v-9. grow, sprout (plants)
dhlînmer ni. (pl. dhlénym) fruit, vegetable, produce
dhó ni. shore, beach, bank
dhòdr na-i. (pl. dhédr) ancestor
dhofâsh v-8. explain
dhol na. insect, bug
dhomar v-8. eat (a lot)
dhonidh ni. garlic
dhrep na-i. tree trunk, log
dhrep-nar adj. 1. fat, wide; 2. rich (culinary)
dhu ni. scab
dhum nm. song (esp. long, epic)
dhúrỳl na-i. knee
dhush na-i. wrinkle
dhŷmmos v-5. 1. touch; 2. adjust; 3. catch up; 4. (in negative form) dislike
dhŷnmos v-5. knock unconscious
dhŷnraw v-5. be conscious, awake
dhŷnsy v-5. be in a trance, entrance
e
ebrà v-irr. 1. pull, push, tug, force, move; 2. spread
èdrol ni. light, sun
èdruk v-6. 1. cut, slice, split, halve, spread, fold, bend; 2. change; 3. distribute, share, be generous (with regard to...)
êgal v-7. serve
ehrushumshim ni. volcano [hursham ‘be hot’]
ek na. lizard sp.
eksêgawgiw ni. walnut [kêsgaw ‘be gnarled’]
èm nm. gesture; ~ tòksy make a gesture
èmh v-1. beg, threaten, repeatedly accost
emmùnánrir ni. bur [dùmnár ‘stick, attach’]
èmsh v-1. hear
enàdu ni. tower
endỳr na-i. ankle
epàk ni. plate
eps v-1. 1. disappear, vanish, remove, take off; 2. insert; 3. overshadow, outweigh
epsŷ na. dog
èr ni. sun
esap ni. seaweed sp.
esbânamnim ni. fuzz, fluff, down [sâpnam ‘be soft’]
esgal na. that, those (distant, not visible; only referring to animate nouns)
etsu v-irr. be dim
ewâr nm. 1. ray, light; 2. feeling; 3. personality; v-7. shine, gleam
ewnàfamfemp ni. 1. tendril; 2. hook [fànfamp ‘to curl’]
f
fa1 conj. if
fa2 int. no (response to statement or question of fact); v-irr. not be, become
fâbal na-i. parent
fadr na-i. (pl. fédr) woman, lady, wife
fál adv. later
fàl v-2. cry
fam v-2. bathe, wash, clean
fàmp ni. lie, falsehood
fámpe ni. adventure, escapade, exploits
fànfamp v-10. curl
fâny ni. lake, pond
far v-3. be sad, sadden
fàr1 ni.space, room
fàr2 v-5. blow (air)
farsy v-5. look sad
fary ni. lychee
fas-pe adj. short, low
fash (also fashe) ni. language
fashas v-7. be gentle, considerate, kindly
fashmos v-5. 1. translate, adapt; 2. renovate
fátsàh v-7. lose, fail
fendir v-7. dig up, exhume
feps ni. sawdust, dust that comes off any object when cutting, polishing
fes ni. other (instead of) (only referring to inanimate nouns)
fìs na-i. eyelash
fò nm. blowing, breeze
fòh nv. look, appearance
fôhats v-8. sigh
fómp (also fômpe) na-i. body
fora na. bladder
fòraw v-5. urinate
fòwer v-8. kiss
ful na-i. eyelash
fùl ni. accuracy
fulê ni. 1. column, tall thing, tree; 2. spine, backbone
fum nv. piece, drop, section, segment
fúr nm. breath
fúrraw v-5. breathe
fúrsy v-5. murmur
fy v-irr. dream
fŷ nm. dream
fydhluh v-5. be overcast
g
gáf nm. movement; v-irr. 1. move (change position), budge; 2. attack, lunge, burst
gáfgáf nm. trembling, shaking
gáfmos v-5. 1. try, attempt to do something; 2. pick up; 3. fail, do poorly; 4. pass over quickly, abandon with little thought
gàf-nar adj. wavy
gâfỳ ni. 1. bone, skeleton (when plural); 2. pit, stone (of fruit)
gahda ni. lemon [K. gahta]
gàkraw v-5. defy
gal v-2. 1. copy, emulate, imitate, follow; 2. repeat
gàl na. other (in addition, separate from) (reffering only to animate nouns)
galîl ni. carambola, star fruit
gam ni. burp
gammos v-5. burp
gamwa ni. metal
gâmy ni. land
gánlap ni. poison, venom
gánmos v-5. poison
gàpraw v-5. dip, spoon out
gàprinsh ni. spoon
gàr nv. more
gasy adv, ni. now, right now
gàsh1 na-i. beak
gàsh2 v-2. leap
gedek ni. temple
gelà ni. heaven, sky, top
gelehe ni. olive [K. gelehie]
gelnas v-10. be tall, high
gèl-ùsh adj. from, down from (directional)
génts na. spark
gêr na. guest
ges v-3. make an error, mistake
geweh v-7. believe, consider
gí conj. though, although
giwgesh na. fruit
gobŷde na. elder
gom ni. herb
góp nv. back (of object)
gôsne v-irr. 1. be funny, witty, silly; 2. be interesting
góshàm v-8. comfort
gosh-dàr adj. frozen
gowaw na. spark
gudshuk v-6b. prostate oneself, kowtow
gul na. bud
gumèsh ni. sound
gúnsh ni. custom
gurgal v-10. be purple
gútsỳp na. wizard, mage, magician
guwàp na-i. toe
gy-gy adj. or, possibly
gyl na-i. fist
gyl-émŷs adj. blue
gylnuh v-5. grab, snatch
h
habshar v-10. be bitter
hàdú ni. 1. blanket, sheet, coat, cloak; 2. bowl, cup; 3. covering, container
hâgek v-7. love
haiba na. shadow
hàluw na. spirit, soul
hamam v-7. hunt
hàp int. ouch!
hár adv. later, in the future; ni. future
hàr v-2. 1. come, approach, bring; 2. spill, drop
hares v-7. sag, droop
hàrhàr adv. all at once, in a big way, suddenly, going all out
haru-sgú adj. 1. empty; 2. distant
hasadh v-7. tire of
hbidrir ni. infection
hbò ni. thunder
hbú ni. shadow
hbyr na-i. girl, daughter
hèk ni. fang
hênuh v-5. bite, chew
hesap v-7. climb down, descend
hgul v-6. tarry, delay, be delayed
hgúl v-6. 1. repel, push away; 2. offend
hims ni. 1. hole, pit; 2. bottom; 3. mortar (for grinding)
himsam v-10. be deep
hnumsh nm. leaf, herb
hnúmsh nm. medicine
hòbúh ni. area, land, country
hómbi nm. mask
ho̬p na. death penalty, execution
ho̬ppam v-irr. execute
hôsnus v-6. fly
huk ni. insult, slander
hukraw v-5. insult, denigrate, deride, slander, badmouth
huks na-i. blister
hul ni. rope
hursham v-10. 1. be mean, nasty; 2. be hot
husi v-irr. 1. see, look, view; 2. plan
hyber ni. triangle; kohlom ~ equilateral triangle
hŷli ni. twig
hys v-3. forget
hw
hwâshba na. ability, capability, force, strength
hwedha ni. 1. surface; 2. top (of object)
hwep na. blood vessel, vein, artery
hwìp nm. yawn
hwìpraw v-5. yawn
hwlom na-i. eyebrow
hwop v-3. protrude, stick out
hworam v-8. pay attention, worry, care
hwoshdew v-10. be hot-headed, quick-tempered
hwuk v-6. ride
hwul v-6. bury
hwulmos v-5. bury alive
hwùms na. poor, miserable thing, wretch
hwupi na. octopus
hwŷdosh na. enemy
hwynyh na. howling (wind)
i
ìbre na. fish
îdar v-4. win, beat
ìdli ni. something foreign
îdnuh v-5. dance
ìdnuh v-5. mix, spin, twirl
idris nm. shame
îdhal v-4. laugh
îfah na-i. sister
ifek v-4. carve
igáf v-4. 1. change significantly in behavior, attitude, or outlook; 2. (S.) wake up, get up
îgas v-4. may, be allowed to, be able to (in terms of permission from other), allow, let, permit
igásh v-4. decorate, adrom, embellish, enhance, ornament, do eloquently
ikâr v-4. 1. reverse, invert, flip; 2. smack, hit
ikàr v-4. 1. free, release, let go, unhand; 2. wring out; 3. be clear, obvious
ìkó ni. wall, fence
ikùp v-4. sew
ikyr v-4. stab
il ni. scratch, indentation
ilnuh v-5. scratch, indent
ilúm v-4. write
imàs v-4. admit, confess
ím-àms adj. very
îmésh v-4. overtake, get ahead
îmùs v-4. 1. gather, collect, bundle; 2. combine, mix
inem v-4. add, increase
îpash v-4. stir
ir ni. promenade
irek ni. caution
ireksy v-5. act cautiously, carefully
irèm v-4. speak well, eloquently
isb na. pig
isgim ni. that, those (distant, visible; only referring to inanimate nouns)
îsne nm. information, fact, knowledge
ísh nv. few, a few
ishàsh v-8. fit, have room for, be open, available
íshlôr nv. how much/many? [ísh ‘few’ + lor ‘many’]
itsan v-4. argue, dispute
itsek v-4. be bald
itsés v-4. climb up, ascend, rise, raise
itsir na-i. body hair (human), fur
iwàh v-4. offer
îwah na-i. nose
k
kàb ni. frustration
kabats na. starfish
kàbraw v-5. frustrate
kabri ni. egg white
kabùr na. bird sp.
kadî na. snake
kâfar ni. fan
kak v-3. be loud, noisy
kàl v-irr. help, aid
kàm v-2. fill
kâmbe ni. thing
kàmsh ni. swamp
kanàn ni. greatness, grandeur, glory
kántsôb ni. mango
kap adv. finally, at last, now
kâp v-3. sit
kár v-3. put two and two together
kàr na. sheep
kârnam v-10. 1. be small, light; 2. be incomplete
kàs v-2. be still, slow, silent
kasra ni. apricot [K. kasara]
kelik na. (pl. kéluk) tree
kelum ni. grave, tomb
kéms-òl v-10. be true, faithful
kéms-ras v-10. matter, be significant
kéms-sar v-10. be interesting
ker na. frog
kes ni. spear
kêsgaw v-10. be gnarled
kesir ni. jewelry
kîpra nv. center, middle
kisints na-i. arm
kishir v-9. decide
klum v-6. hang, dangle, suspend
klumf ni. necklace
klútsi na. wolf
kôbar v-8. trick, fool
kòf ni. tragedy
kòfmos v-5. bring tragedy upon
koh ni. model, example, display
kohlom v-8c. be perfect
kohly ni. diamond
kôl-shom adj. different, other, distant
kòps int. yes
kòpsy v-5. agree
kopuhi ni. candied fruit
kos nm. precision
kôs v-3. be happy, glad
kôsnam v-10. be content, fine, okay, good, satisfied, satiated
kossy v-5. act with precision
kôssy v-5. look happy
krâga ni. inaccuracy
krêwâ ni. pile
krus v-6. twist, crank
ksà nm. stillness, slowness, silence
ksam ni. (pl. kesym) house, home
ksânnuh v-5. 1. befriend; 2. know well [ksâny ‘friend’]
ksâny na. friend
ksahbe ni. (pl. ksebr) dirge
ksyh (also ksôhy) na-i. hair (esp. on head)
kùl ni. hilltop; mby kùwlom at the end, finally, at last
kumbu na-i. beard
kusbèsh v-10. be sweet
kyh v-3. bake
kỳmp nv. all, every, each
kýnmos v-5. torment
kyr nv. tip, end
l
lâ nm. seashell
lâbla ni. hail
ládhèr v-7. be shocked, surprised, in disbelief
lagàsh v-7. shave
lah nm. forgiveness
lahraw v-5. forgive
lalwesh v-10. be sour
lâl na. horse
lam ni. horizon
lám ni. preparation, preliminary activity
làm v-2. drip
lambà na-i. cheek
lâmbe ni. nudity
lamek v-7. be cruel, vicious
lâmêk ni. (pl. karatsỳ) sword
làmní conj. because
lâmrul v-6. 1. flow, ooze; 2. float, coast, glide, soar
lámsy v-5. prepare
lase-shom adj. innocent
làtsem v-7. be merciful
lâwydrá int. never mind, no matter, forget about it; ni. end, ending, finish (chronologically)
lémfym na-i. leaf
lêpsha ni. task, chore, job
ler ni. salt
lerbèsh v-10. be salty
leremp nm. chair, seat
lewmar adv. long ago; v-10. be old
lî ni. book
limfen v-10. be kind, sweet
lôbas v-8. be furious, enfuriate
lòk ni. turn, corner, bend
lòlak v-8. ramble
lóm v-3. ruin, desecrate, devastate
lop ni. end (not of something physical)
lóp ni. coconut
lor nv. many, a lot, much, lots
los ni. pestle
losmos v-5. pound, grind, crush (food)
lôsmos v-5. invade
lùlak na-i. tongue
lùm ni. day
lumî ni. rambutan
lûmn na-i. vagina
lunmos v-5. vanquish
lúnts ni. word
lŷmfep v-10. 1. be messy, scattered; 2. be unformed; 3. be crazy
lỳmydỳ na-i. (pl. nỳr) finger
m
mà v-irr. 1. fall; 2. must, need to, have to, be obligated to
madàw ni. honor, source of pride
madur ni-i. door
màh v-2. bring, carry
mâkyl v-7. concentrate, dwell on
málàl v-7. sway, writhe, beat (heart), hit repeatedly
màma adv. unfortunately, sadly
man v-irr. do, use, wear
manûna na. wave
mâp nm. sex
mâpraw v-5. have sex
mar v-2. eat (a little), snack
màr v-2. 1. sing, play (instrument played with mouth); 2. tell (a story), recount
màraf adv. hardly, barely
marag ni. dye
màraps nv. just a little
maratsi ni. kumquat
mârel (also mârela) na. flower
marènts ni. lungs
marî ni. mountain (used more of specific, noteworthy, named ones, esp. in singular)
màri ni. song
màrim na. 1. person; 2. relative (when linked to a possessor)
mâroh-ok adj. orange
maronâ na. cat
mârumik ni. den, lair
mâsâr v-7. 1. scream; 2. shock; 3. pierce
mâshâm v-7. be rude, impolite
mâtsár v-7. be busy, occupied
mbàsh nm. eyelid
mbi na. mosquito
mby-wom adj. at (place), on, upon
mêdràsh na. parents, source, creator [mêrû udash]
mêfàl v-7. fear, frighten, scare
mekî na-i. elbow
mél na. flavor
melets v-7. sparkle, glitter, glimmer
mèr nv. (pl. gylym) half
mêrats v-7. live, reside, dwell, inhabit
merêpe na-i. penis
mêrû na-i. father
mes ni. night sky
mesnèsi na. doctor, healer
mesraw v-5. be dark, black
mesh v-3. influence
mèsh na. snake sp.
mih na-i. back of hand
mihmos v-5. punch
mfînsh ni. city
mim adv. here
mìm-émŷs adj. green
mims ni. here
míntsàm adv. where?
mir na. kidney
mír nm. nerve, chutzpa
mìr nm. sap (inedible)
mly-nù adj. at (time)
mòbr ni. ruins, remains
mogar v-8. be dizzy
montser ni. timbre
môrash v-7. play, have fun
môsap v-8. wiggle
moshwe ni. soup
mpesy na-i. tribe, people
mrar ni. type, class, category
mruk ni. dagger
mu nv. 1. core, essence, nature; 2. beginning, start
mumraw v-5. 1. disguise; 2. cloak
munga ni. illusion, mirage
múr na-i. nail (on finger or toe)
muse nv. none
musgêh v-10. be thick, heavy
mwèk na-i. (pl. mwéks) eye
mwèkmos v-5. gouge out eyes
mydìp na. goat
mýr ni. candle
n
nadhî ni. drum
nâhar-dósh adj. red, pink
nâklas ni. spit, saliva
nâmbe ni. stamina, endurance, perseverence
nând ni. story, tale; ~ [Cons.] gasy news, current events
nap v-2. splash
nàsh v-2. 1. slide, slip; 2. pour
nawer v-7. set, set up, arrange, order
ndêks nm. war
ndem ni. night
ndûsga ni. compliment, praise, acclaim
nèbásh v-7. close, wrap
nèlah v-7. learn, teach
nèl-ek adj. near, close, by
nep v-3. embalm
nepar v-7. distract
nér ni. 1. string, thread, strip of fabric, fringe; 2. list; 3. stripe; v-3. 1. hang on or from a string; 2. list
nerah ni. seaweed
neshgê ni. velvet
neshras v-10. 1. be strong; 2. be important
newàr ni. peace, happiness, pleasantness
nikis v-9. 1. separate, place apart; 2. discern
nîndes v-10. sting
nîne-ut adj. crooked, warped
nisim v-9. accentuate, draw attention
nlas ni. wingspan, armspan
nlespàr v-10. be beautiful, beautify
nlesperà nm. beauty
nlowum ni. cave
nmỳnts nm. dance
nóbàsh v-8. 1. turn, change direction; 2. switch; 3. leave, depart for a long time; 4. set (sun)
nôdhash v-8. return, come back
nof ni. secret
noh ni. tree sp.
nohas v-8. betray
nohash v-8. lick
nóm v-3. yearn, long, pine
nomp na-i. (pl. némp) man, husband
nonâ ni. start, beginning (chronologically)
nor na. uneasiness, discomfort
nór na-i. skin
nôrgim v-10. be smart, intelligent
normos v-5. beat up
norraw v-5. be uncomfortable, uneasy
nòs ni. be jealous
noweh v-7. whisper
nry nv. clump
ntsêlû ni. clay, mud
ntsemp ni. star
núfi nv. layer
nufus ni. district, area
núm na. monster, menace
nùme ni. melody, tune
númp ni. wheel
nûnêsh ni. wall of a cliff
nûnmos v-5. roll, lap (as a wave)
nur na. clearing (in forest)
nùs (also nùse) na. tornado
nusul v-7. be even, balanced
nwàfa v-7. contain, consist of, be full of, made of, characterized by
nwàl nm. grass
nwár ni. tunnel
nyfùr ni. mess
nŷraw v-5. 1. declare; 2. promise
nys v-3. stroll, take a walk
o
ôfak ni. tidal wave
ohlu na. king
ôgar na-i. ear
ógel ni. knuckle
ôgsy v-5. eat
ogùm ni. vine
óhmos v-5. search, seek, look for
ómn na-i. butt, buttocks, arse
òmnam v-10. be stupid, foolish
òmnams n-a. idiot, fool, moron [òmnam ‘be stupid’]
òmp v-1. howl, roar
òmsh v-1. cough
onàp v-8. extinguish
onsh v-1. quack
onùk na-i. (pl. onéks) 1. tooth; 2. bit (of something) (pl. form is not used with this meaning)
ônuk na. slave
ôry v-irr. wake up, be awake
osdîm ni. other (in addition, separate from) (referring only to inanimate nouns)
oslo ni. dungeon
osnà na-i. mind, brain
ôtsal v-8. 1. water; 2. cool off
otsi conj. for, in order to, so that
ôtsil ni. water; ~ slâ drown
owgew na. sorcery, black magic
owush ni. block
p
páh-wy adj. 1. during, throughout, when (time); 2. through, throughout (object)
pal (also pale) ni. 1. gem, jewel; 2. delicacy
pâlents v-7. want, desire, wish, intend
pám ni. curve
pàm na-i. 1. foot; 2. beginning, start; 3. entry, entryway, front room
pâmbe na. rhetorical skill
pamì na-i. heart
pàmmos v-5. kick
pámnuh (S.) v-5. dance
pàmsi (N.) v-5. wake up, get up
pan ni. reward, award, prize
pannuh v-5. reward, award
pârom v-7. describe
pàs1 ni. (state of) death
pàs2 v-2. stop up
pàsluh v-5. 1. die, kill; 2. succumb
pàsmos v-5. murder, slaughter
pash ni. mangosteen
pásh ni. what?
pâtsal v-7. run
pâtsalpâtal adv. fast, running
pegas v-7. be the same, identical
peh ni. place
pelo ni. morning
pér nm. meeting, encounter
pérsy v-5. meet, encounter
pêshal v-7. wonder
pewûl na-i. lip
piris v-9. blossom, bloom, hatch
plós ni. shiny finish, coating
plumro n. grove [K. plumormo]
plur v-6. be fast, go fast, quickly
plùr v-6. 1. let go of; 2. put down
po na. navel
pom na-i. heel (of foot)
pòr v-3. destroy, demolish, ruin
póms na. cannibal
pos ni. imprint, impression
pôsâm v-8. walk uphill, ascend
poshgom ni. palace
prŷh nv. such, something similar, like, sort
prŷhmos v-5. 1. know, be acquainted with; 2. be like, similar to; 3. be used to, accustomed to (something else; not to one's own activity); 4. borrow, lend
pseha ni. gap
psî ni. fire; v-irr. burn
psol ni. echo, distant sound
psuli ni. 1. elegance, refinement; 2. finery, any fine or elegant object
pshérà na. foreigner
pshóms na. 1. old person; 2. beggar
púks ni. remedy
pum ni. answer, response, reaction
pùm ni. initiative
pumraw v-5. answer, respond, react
pûnh na. (pl. kêpra) god
pur ni. range, territory (of animals, tribes)
púraw v-5. sneeze
r
radar ni. pebble
râgòm v-7. wail, weep, bawl
râheh nm. whirlwind
râhèh v-7. be wise, thoughtful
rahmos v-5. banish
ramba ni. spice
rànmos v-5. tear apart, rip up
ráp ni. past
ràp v-irr. 1. go, travel, journey, traverse, call, summon, send for; 2. continue, proceed, follow, succeed
rawa ni. grief
rawas1 v-7. wither, wilt, wear out, crumble
rawas2 ni. boat
râwás v-7. rot
rêhem v-7. slither
rel na. this, these (only referring to animate nouns)
remel ni. 1. brush, plants; 2. foliage
remél nm. joy, happiness, exuberance, excitement
rêmêl v-7. speak, talk, say, tell
reras v-7. 1. guard, defend; 2. attack (object of attack in All. case)
ri na. bird (large)
rì ni. staff, stick
rihir ni. scar
rihmos v-5. torture
ril ni. saw
ró nm. sinew
robe ni. edible fruit skin
ròga ni. net
rògsy v-5. cast a net [ròga ‘net’]
róhap v-8. 1. hurt; 2. exhaust
róhnam v-10. be rough, abrasive
ròm na-i. dear, love, beloved
romas v-8. throw, cast, pitch
romp ni. foam, froth
rompmos v-5. throb, ache [romp]
rompsy v-5. foam, froth [romp]
ros na. bird sp.
rosh v-3. 1. weave; 2. joing together; 3. fix
rowir v-7. drive crazy, madden, excite, unhinge, inflame, impassion
rudham ni. tangerine [K. ruzama]
runh na. master
rus na-i. forehead
rusmos v-5. decapitate
rým na-i. branch
ryrámèl ni. (human) tree dwelling
s
sáb ni. crease, indentation; v-3. meander
sábluh v-5. crease, indent
sábmos v-5. topple, knock over
sábsy v-5. 1. bow; 2. crouch
sabûr ni. ghost town, abandoned city, ruins of a city
sadhy adv. more, again
saf v-3. flatter, pander
sàg na. 1. fin, 2. petal; ni. handle
sâgel v-7. be aware of, conscious of, sense, know, realize
sahmos v-5. raze
sak ni. tool
sam-gim adj. among
sany ni. system
sâp-am adj. flat, smooth, dull
sâpnam v-10. be soft
sar v-3. 1. lift, pick up; 2. uplift; 3. improve
sàr v-2. melt
sawra ni. plum [K. sarva]
sbàl v-2. 1. rule, control; 2. extend over, last, endure
sbe-so adj. from
sdàp ni. liquid
sdim (also sdima) ni. road
sefó ni. hat
sehwym v-7. whistle
sel na. lizard, reptile
sémfym na-i. option, choice
sigis v-9. sort
sgá1 nm. jolt, burst
sgá2 nm. 1. step, footstep, pace; 2. rhythm
sgà v-irr. 1. feel; 2. find, discover, come upon; 3. try out a sample of something, taste; 4. experience, undergo, suffer
sgáfany ni. 1. path, walkway; 2. melody
sgà-sek adj. upon, immediately following [F.D.NPst + F.D.Pst form of sgà]
sgawdis v-irr. trap
sgolup na. owl
sîkraw v-5. annoy, bother
sintsêr ni. 1. shape; 2. outline, perimeter, line; v-10. walk around the perimeter of
slâ ni. roof, ceiling, top; v-irr. 1. cover, top; 2. finish, complete
slak v-3. report, relate, bring word of, inform of
slâluh v-5. crush, flatten [slâ]
snès nm. health, condition
snèssy v-5. be healthy, feel good/well, fine, okay, heal
snigi na. deer
snihok na. winter, rainy season
snihup nm. tear, rain, drop
snôlur ni. entrance
sôdhar nm. cold; v-8. be cold
sodhor ni. flat bread
sodhu ni. blade
sôhag v-8. be long (time)
sol v-3. be angry, mad, anger
solsy v-5. frown, look angry
som ni. 1. nest; 2. collection, gathering
sómsh-kemp adj. far, far beyond, far away, distant
sop nv. remainder, remnant
sòr na. hip
sòram v-8. stay, stand
sos na. petal (culinary)
srà ni. daytime
srùm v-6. walk
srùmsrùm adv. steadily, slowly but surely, determinedly
srùmsrùmal nm. determination
sùk na-i. boy, son
sul nv. less, fewer
sumbu ni. bonfire
sùnwál na-i. female cousin
suplik v-10. not prefer, pass over
sus ni. stone, rock
syhfyl v-10. be weak, delicate, unsteady, fragile
syhlu na. 1. royalty, king and queen; 2. ruler, leader [syshbe ohlu]
symp ni. sand
syshbe na. queen
sh
shâ ni. mountain (used when speaking of indistinct, undifferentiated, nameless ones, esp. in plural)
shabe na. throne
shah na-i. facial hair
shàh v-2. be lost, get lost, lose, abandon
shâl (also shâle) ni. coral
shâla ni. brick [K. shanlo]
shânép v-7. be embarassed, embarass
shap int. well
sharàs ni. onion
shbù na-i. belly, tummy, stomach
shduh v-6. 1. wander; 2. forgo
shduhshduh adv. 1. aimlessly; 2. for a long time
shduhshduhal nm. aimlessness
shêbas v-7. not matter, be insignificant, inconsequential
shèk adv. never; int. 1. no (response to proposition); 2. never
sheklam v-10. be bad
shekmos nm. badness, evil
shèks ni. never, no time
shel ni. glass
shelgim v-10. be ugly
shlôgim nm. ugliness
shelmos v-5. mutilate [shelgim]
shêshmos v-5. pillage, loot, raid
shgapots v-irr. be huge, immense, giant, enormous
shgems na. very ugly person [shelgim ‘be ugly]’
shgup v-6. blink
shgymèl ni-i. horn, antler
shìm na. seed
shimèk na. table
shîmêk nm. sacrifice
shirnas v-10. be regular, ordinary
shîwŷr na-i. male cousin
shlyr na-i. tone of voice
shlŷr ni. color
shlýr na-i. attitude
shmup v-6. sneak up, creep up (on)
shobà nm. ritual, practice
shof v-3. struggle
shogor na. root
shom ni. 1. side, edge; 2. arm (of a chair), wing (of a building)
shòm na-i. 1. head; 2. dome
shôra ni. lime
shós v-3. be crazy
shuk v-3. need
shûmh na. bird (small)
shusha ni. saffron [K. jushha]
shwèl ni. town, village
shwùs nm. warmth; v-6. be warm, hot
shwùsok na. summer, dry season
shy na-i. (pl. shé) hand
shynuh v-5. 1. make a fist; 2. grasp a handful
t
tsâbesh ni. valley
tsagor ni. blood
tsagraw v-5. bleed [tagor]
tsàl1 v-2. happen
tsàl2 v-3. confuse, perplex
tsam v-3. remember
tsàm adv. there
tsàms ni. there
tsanraw v-5. fight, attack, contend, clash
tsar v-2. empty
tsaras v-7. think, ponder
tsas v-3. happen accidentally, be an accident
tsás v-3. imagine, pretend
tsáshbur v-6. choke, strangle
tsashòd v-7. prepare (food), cook
tse na. animal
tsê nm. voice
tsedar v-7. break
tsek v-3. fall out, wear out, thin, waste away, disintegrate
tsekeh v-7. steal, rob
tsésinsh ni. ladder
tseshbènsh ni. box [teshèp ‘enclose’]
tseshèp v-7. 1. avoid, ignore; 2. dismiss; 3. forbid, lock up; 4. enclose, cover, conceal, hide
tsígà ni. ground, dirt, earth
tsik ni. peel, skin (culinary)
tsiksy v-5. peel, skin (culinary)
tsinwê ni. dough
tsishik v-9. compare
tsobêdo na-i. leg, foot, leg and foot
tsodap v-8. stumble, falter, trip
tsofal ni. pearl
tsohnam v-10. 1. be hard, tough; 2. clot, coagulate; 3. curdle
tsòksy v-5. 1. send, free; 2. hit; 3. play (instrument played with hands)
tsop ni. forest
tsôpash v-8. bite
tsos v-3. groan
tsôtsar v-8. shake, tremble
tsugîr ni. letter (of alphabet)
tsûlnes v-10. be pleasant
tsúm ni. storm
tsùmp ni. filth, grime
tsùmnuh v-5. be filthy, grimy, disgusting
tsùms na. filthy person [tùmp ‘filth’]
tsus ni. ash
tsusgum ni. that, those (distant, not visible; only referring to inanimate nouns)
tsyr adv. earlier, before
u
ube na-i. name
ùbraw v-5. whine
udash na-i. mother
udugu na. bay
udhe na-i. 1. wing; 2. river bank
úgo ni. way, method, fashion
uhìnt-èp adj. 1. small, little (for physical objects), young; only, mere
uhìnt-ut adj. 1. tired, sleepy; 2. on the way to becoming
uku ni. bed
ul ni. skirt
umi ni. dialect
umlúf ni. writing, text
ûmnor v-10. be blind
umpuk ni. berry
umri ni. subject, topic, issue, matter
úms v-1. pluck, pull, steal, snatch, grab, whisk away
ùms v-1. 1. obtain, get, take (with some effort); 2. earn, cost; 3. deserve
undúr v-6. 1. divide (esp. into more than two pieces); 2. spread, scatter, disperse
ûnmùr ni. wood
ûnmúr ni. 1. beam, plank, post; 2. pillar, column
unts v-1. sell
ùnts v-1. suck
ûpel na. white part of eye
ûpîs ni. bread
usbe na-i. scale (on animal)
ûsgar ni. yolk
ûsgar-ok adj. yellow
usgîsh na. tail
ushash ni. rectangle; kohlom ~ square
ushgà-wàh adj. 1. safe; 2. unharmed, intact
utsy v-irr. 1. sleep; 2. give up on, stop, cease, abandon; 3. demolish, wreck, destroy
w
wabés v-7. 1. summon; 2. pray, hope
wafa na-i. sore
wàh v-2. give, transfer
wàhraw v-5. show, present, display
wam v-3. 1. gaze, stare; 2. study
wàm ni. bump
wamlar v-10. be sappy, lovey-dovey, mushy
war ni. pot, jar, container; v-2. scoop up, gather
wàr v-2. 1. pop; 2. bubble, boil; 3. hop
wár-ysh adj. above, over
wásek v-7. tell (to do something), order, demand, request
waser v-7. deceive
wasluh v-5. 1. blow (object, as opposed to wind); 2. alight, land, perch; 3. grace, honor, visit; 4. adorn, enhance; 5. impress
wasmos v-5. flip
wasnam nm. wind
wêkêp v-7. build
wêraw v-5. 1. rub; 2. scrub, wipe, polish
wer-shom adj. guilty
wesa ni. branch
wèsh-lu adj. lonely, alone, only
wêw-mar adj. white
wè-wy adj. not
wgawyms na. witch, sorcerer
wgesa ni. cradle
widis v-9. love, admire, respect
wîn ni. cloud
wláw ni. that, those (not visible; only referring to inanimate nouns)
wod nm. awe, amazement, wonder
wodraw v-5. be in awe, amazed, wonder
wôdhep ni. hide, animal skin
wògak v-8. 1. grunt; 2. tear, rip, gash; 3. be sharp, pointed, broken, jagged
worosh nm. doll [K. vorosho]
wrâbla na. life, lifetime, lifespan [fàr âbla]
wù nv. group, collection
wummos v-5. dig
wûmh ni. tree
wup (also wupu) ni. footprint
wýblû ni. 1. platform, shelf, terrace; 2. palm (of hand)
wydho ni. (pl. wedhym) stick
wýhbi ni. sugar
wyr v-irr. 1. create, make, form; 2. think of
y
ybàh ni. forever, always
ŷbog ni. oval, ellipse, circle; kohlom ~ circle
ŷduk int. wonderful, satisfying, pleasurable, nice
ykluh v-5. like, admire
yks ni. powder
ykymuk ni. root vegetable, tuber
ymel nm. food
ỳmh v-1. 1. hold, take, grasp; 2. stay, remain, keep, hold on to; 3. understand
ymîs ni. island
ynda na. liver
yndos ni. ember
ynmùm v-6. sail
ynts ni. this, these (only referring to inanimate nouns)
ýnts nm., v-1. smile
ypos na. turtle, tortoise, terrapin
ýs na-i. back (of person)
ysy ni. wave coming ashore, lap
ŷsh nm. feather, arrow
yshmos v-5. crouch, bend down
ŷw nm. disease, sickness, illness
ŷwmos v-irr. be sick, ill